Geriatric Assessment in Advanced Kidney Disease

Hypertension goals in advanced-stage kidney disease.

Hypertension confers higher cardiovascular (CV) risks in hemodialysis (HD) patients. There are no data to guide the level to which BP should be reduced or when and where to measure BP in such patients. Unlike BP guidelines to reduce CV risk in the general population, no uniform guidelines address the HD patient. This article focuses on when and how to measure BP and efforts to quantify this mea...

The gut–kidney connection in advanced chronic kidney disease

Recent basic and clinical findings emphasize that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease of national significance in many developed countries. In Japan, 1 in 8 adults suffers from CKD, although less than 10% of people know the term “CKD”. CKD is asymptomatic and leads to development of endstage renal failure with hemodialysis and increased mortality. The main cause of mortality in pat...

assessment of deep word knowledge in elementary and advanced iranian efl learners: a comparison of selective and productive wat tasks

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease